Experimental and Computational Study on the Structure and Properties of Herz Cations and Radicals: 1,2,3-Benzodithiazolium, 1,2,3-Benzodithiazolyl, and Their Se Congeners Full article
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Inorganic Chemistry
ISSN: 0020-1669 |
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| Output data | Year: 2013, Volume: 52, Number: 7, Pages: 3699-3710 Pages count : 12 DOI: 10.1021/ic302203t | ||||||
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Abstract:
Salts of 1,2,3-benzodithiazolium (1), 2,1,3-benzothiaselenazolium (3), and 1,2,3-benzodiselenazolium (4) (Herz cations), namely, [1][BF4], [1][SbCl6], [3][BF4], [3][GaCl4], [3][SbCl6], and [4][GaCl4], were prepared from the corresponding chlorides and NaBF4, GaCl3, or SbCl5. It was found that [1][SbCl6] and [3][SbCl6] spontaneously transform in MeCN solution to [1](3)[SbCl6](2)[0] and [3](3)[SbCl6](2)[Cl], respectively. [1][BF4], [1](3)[SbCl6](2)[Cl], [3][BF4], [3](3)[SbCl6](2)[Cl], and [4]-[GaCl4] were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). In solution, these [BF4](-) and [GaCl4](-) salts as well as [1][GaCl4], [2][GaCl4], [3][GaCl4], [3][Cl], and [4][Cl] were characterized by multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The corresponding Hen radicals 1(center dot)-4(center dot) were obtained in toluene and DCM solutions by the reduction of the appropriate salts with Ph3Sb and characterized by EPR. Cations 1-4 and radicals 1(center dot)-4(center dot) were investigated computationally at the density functional theory (DFT) and second-order Moller-Plesset (MP2) levels of theory. The B1B95/cc-pVTZ method was found to satisfactorily reproduce the experimental geometries of 1-4; an increase in the basis set size to cc-pVQZ results in only minor changes. For both 1-4 and 1(center dot)-4(center dot), the Hirshfeld charges and bond orders, as well as the Hirshfeld spin densities for the radicals, were calculated using the B IB95/cc-pVQZ method. It was found for both the cations and the radicals that replacing S atoms with Se atoms leads to considerable changes in the atomic charges, bond lengths, and bond orders only at the involved and the neighboring sites. According to the calculations, 60% of the positive charge in the cations and 80% of the spin density in the radicals is localized on the heterocycles, with the spin density distributions being very similar for all radicals 1(center dot)-4(center dot). For the cations 1-4, the NICS values (B3LYP/cc-pVTZ for B1B95/cc-pVTZ geometries) lie in the narrow range from -5.5 ppm to -6.6 ppm for the carbocycles, and from -14.4 ppm to -15.5 ppm for heterocycles, clearly indicating the aromaticity of the cations. Calculations on radical dimers [1(center dot)](2)-[4(center dot)](2) revealed, with only one exception, positive dimerization energies, i.e., the dimers are inherently unstable in the gas phase.
Cite:
Makarov A.Y.
, Blockhuys F.
, Bagryanskaya I.Y.
, Gatilov Y.V.
, Shakirov M.M.
, Zibarev A.V.
Experimental and Computational Study on the Structure and Properties of Herz Cations and Radicals: 1,2,3-Benzodithiazolium, 1,2,3-Benzodithiazolyl, and Their Se Congeners
Inorganic Chemistry. 2013. V.52. N7. P.3699-3710. DOI: 10.1021/ic302203t WOS Scopus РИНЦ OpenAlex
Experimental and Computational Study on the Structure and Properties of Herz Cations and Radicals: 1,2,3-Benzodithiazolium, 1,2,3-Benzodithiazolyl, and Their Se Congeners
Inorganic Chemistry. 2013. V.52. N7. P.3699-3710. DOI: 10.1021/ic302203t WOS Scopus РИНЦ OpenAlex
Dates:
| Published online: | Mar 19, 2013 |
| Published print: | Apr 1, 2013 |
Identifiers:
| Web of science: | WOS:000317094300031 |
| Scopus: | 2-s2.0-84875762306 |
| Elibrary: | 20430387 |
| OpenAlex: | W2313514300 |